About me

I am a language sciences researcher and a Qiushi Postdoctoral Fellow at Zhejiang University. I study how people understand and produce language in real time. Much of my work focuses on Mandarin Chinese, while also asking how second language learning, multilingual experience, and crosslinguistic variation shape real-time processing.

My research asks how the mind builds sentence structure in real time, rapidly combining syntactic constraints, semantic plausibility, and prosody. These cues are weighted differently across languages and may also be used differently by native speakers, second language learners, and bilinguals. I use EEG, behavioral experiments, and acoustic analysis to study how language experience shapes these processes in comprehension and production. I am especially interested in what unfolds at the millisecond level during incremental sentence processing. As one of the most complex feats of human cognition, language can teach us how the brain uses structure, manages multiple levels of information, and adapts through learning.

I came to this work partly through my own long and sometimes humbling experience of learning and living in languages beyond my native English. My training has taken me from the US to Spain, Canada, and China, and I remain strongly committed to open and international science.

You can contact me at max.wolpert [at] zju [dot] edu [dot] cn.

Research

Language is not processed all at once. As we listen, read, or speak, we need to build structure and meaning from partial information.

My research asks how this process unfolds in real time. I study how people make sense of sentence structure, how learning and using more than one language change comprehension and production, and how timing in speech helps speakers organize language and coordinate with others.

Sentence structure

Language is built from smaller units into larger ones, from individual sounds to words to sentences. These combinations are rule-governed and hierarchical, and languages differ in the rules for realizing these combinations. How do users of different languages encode and decode this structure in real time, especially when different sources of information point in different directions?

Second language learning

Most people have some experience learning a second language, but individuals vary dramatically in how well they can use another language for real-time comprehension and production. How much of this variation can be explained by proficiency, and where does proficiency fail as an explanation? What learning trajectories do students of a second language follow, and how should we measure their progress?

Speech timing

Human speech exhibits multiple prosodic cues, such as pauses and lengthenings, that interact with syntactic and information structure. These timing cues help speakers plan what to say and help listeners segment continuous speech. How flexible are these timing cues in individuals, and how are they used to coordinate speech interaction?

Selected Publications

A selection of recent papers.

Education & Academic Training

2026–present
Qiushi Postdoctoral Fellow, Zhejiang University
Hangzhou, China Supervisor: Wenlei Shi 史文磊

2024–2026
Postdoctoral Researcher, Zhejiang University
Hangzhou, China Supervisor: Nai Ding 丁鼐

2016–2023
PhD in Neuroscience, McGill University
Montréal, Canada
Supervisors: Karsten Steinhauer and Shari Baum

2015–2016
Master’s in Cognitive Neuroscience of Language, University of the Basque Country / BCBL
Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain Supervisors: Sendy Caffarra & Simona Mancini

2010–2014
BSc with Distinction, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, USA · double major: Chemistry and Hispanic Linguistics

CV

My CV is available as a PDF.

Download CV